Abbas Hashem Sahan
Alienation is a state of separation and a person’s distancing from his spiritual and material world and making him distant and unable to change the reality in which he lives. The alienation may be voluntary or involuntary and imposed on him. The concept of alienation came in many fields of knowledge, such as language, philosophy, sociology, and psychology, as well as the field of architecture, as it is a phenomenon of the modern era, and this is what led us to the need to address it in order to reveal its contents and forms. These introductions lead us to get acquainted with this concept and reveal the most important thing that it contains, as the link between the built environment and the physical components it carries with the human being as a social being has subjective and spiritual requirements that are taken into consideration and seriously to be met in that component that it will contain, which in turn alleviates the social problems resulting from the problems and crises of the rupture between man and the urban structure through creating a sense of belonging. The alienation contains multiple forms, including spatial, social and psychological alienation, all of which lead to the separation of the link between the individual as a social being and the place as a physical environment, which leads to the disintegration of the urban fabric and the formation of a contradictory urban structure in the chaos of the decaying urban spaces that were the cause of creating social problems and their failure to achieve Its social and psychological performance. The research problem came because of the lack of a clear perception of the direct connection between the built environment as a physical product with the human being as a social being that has spiritual subjective requirements that must be met in that product that it will contain, which leads to the creation of a kind of rupture between man and the built environment. As for the importance of research, it lies in the conflict of goals and objectives with the social environment standards to which the individual belongs. The aim of the research emphasizes the necessity of reaching the creation of places through which the individual can achieve correct communication with others, such as the existence of urban spaces that restore to man his comfort and psychological, emotional and social stability. This study came in two aspects: The theoretical aspect that dealt with previous concepts and studies and theories explaining alienation, its forms, the stages it goes through and its effects on the individual. The practical aspect, where the researcher studies two societies, the first is the spatial community to measure the effect of alienation in the urban structure on the individual, and the second is an academic community to find out the opinions of specialists about the physical effects on the individual and society. The study included many recommendations, including the direct link between built environment as a physical product and the human being as a social being with personal and spiritual requirements, and to alleviate social problems and ills resulting from crises of rupture between man and the surrounding urban environment. And get rid of the real causes behind the feeling of alienation.