Mario Nuno Mata, Syeda Sonia Tabassum Anees, Jose Moleiro Martins, Syed Arslan Haider, Samrena Jabeen, Anabela Batista Correia, Joao Xavier Rita
The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effects of non-monetary factors, including three sub-domains, i.e., opportunity for career advancement, recognition and development opportunity on employee retention through a mediating role of motivation. Convenience sampling was used, and data were collected from higher education institutes located in Pakistan's different cities. The analysis was conceded out using SmartPLS software v.3.0 and sample size calculated through G* power software. Due to Covid-19 pandemic data also collected online through email/Google survey form. The result revealed that non-monetary factors have a significant and positive influence on employee retention. Also, motivation significantly mediates the relationship between non-monetary factors and employee retention. These study findings can augment the existing body of the literature and oblige as a preliminary point on which upcoming studies can be built. Expectancy theory revealed that when non-monetary factors increase in the organization, negotiation and conflict occurs among leaders and employees because of nepotism. Lastly, theoretical and practical implication and future recommendation were discussed.