Aubey El-Reman
Prior study has looked at how companies employ a variety of organisational strategies to protect their R&D expenditures in overseas locations from theft threats. However, little is known about how companies can use non-market elements to gain preferential treatment from host government officials, thereby securing their intellectual property abroad. We look at two nonmarket factors in this study, one at the country level and the other at the business level, that are likely to impact where enterprises concentrate their innovation activities: host country bias towards the firm's home country and the firm's political capabilities. As a result, we investigate how IPR policies and non-market factors combine to safeguard business invention from piracy and to make countries more attractive for innovation-related activities. A sample of a thousand international R&D investments made by a hundred companies from ten home countries from 2003 to 2016 backs up our estimates. So this article shows a short summary of our whole study, which we will discuss later after completion